Column of Pedro IV is located on Rossio Square, right in the middle. The monument was erected in 1874 and the area became known as the Praça Dom Pedro IV. But the name did not stick, the area returned to its old name. Rossio Square has been one of the main squares of Lisbon since the Middle Ages. The modern name "Russia" - a tribute to the king of Portugal Pedro IV, who was also the first emperor of Brazil (Pedro I). The area is surrounded by fountains, flower beds and very picturesque.

Bronze statue of King is set to high Corinthian columns .  At the bottom of the column are four allegorical female figures: Justice, Wisdom, Strength and Restraint .  It is these qualities and was endowed with King Pedro IV .  Legend has it that it was initially planned at the top of the column to install the statue of Emperor Maximilian of Mexico .  But the Emperor of Mexico in 1867 was killed .  The news that the Emperor was dead, was obtained when the statue was almost finished and should have been installed on the column on the square .  But historians like restorers who carried out restoration work in 2001, refute this legend, paying attention to elements of the statue, which clearly point to the authenticity of the Portuguese king, namely the Portuguese coat of arms and the chain of the Military Order of the Tower and Sword, valor, loyalty and merit , Knights of Portugal .  The Order is awarded for military and civil services .  During his reign, King Pedro IV reformed the Order, and the Order was called ancient and most noble Order of the Tower and Sword, valor, loyalty and merit .