The building of the synagogue in Avignon survived to this day in the reconstruction in 1846. Restoring the synagogue had after the fire in 1845, which had been lost many valuable items, including 42 Torah scrolls.

At its present location in Avignon synagogue stands with 1221, where she was transferred by order of the bishop of the city. In the second half of the XVIII century, for it was a new building (that which subsequently destroyed by fire). After the reconstruction, the synagogue has acquired a neoclassical look.

The first written mention of Avignon Jews refers to 1178 .  When Louis XIII in the city, a new Jewish quarter .  Until the middle of the XV century the Christian population believes that Jews are making a great contribution to the economic and trade development of the city and therefore require even more condescending attitude toward them .  But in the second half of the century the opinion of citizens about the Jews has changed: the Italian war and drive the papal residence in Rome, and the plague avinontsev life changed for the worse, and now they believed that all of these troubles brought on Jews .  By decree of Pope Pius II to the Jews was introduced a number of restrictions on trade and some other activities .  Persecution continued as long as the Jews were expelled from the territory of the Papal States in Italy and France .  Christians are also exempted from the prohibition on dialogue with Jews .  Only at the end of the XVIII century few Jews were allowed to settle in Avignon .  Their activity was limited outside the Jewish quarter, it was forbidden to study the Talmud, and in the synagogue were preaching Catholic priests .  The Great French Revolution of 1789 equalized the rights of Jews and other citizens of the country . 

In the synagogue, a memorial plaque in memory of the Jews of Avignon, who died in the First and Second World Wars.

In addition to the synagogue in Avignon also several Jewish organizations and educational institutions.