Venetian Fortress Koules (from the Turkish word "koules", which means "Tower Castle") in Ierapetra was built in the early years of the Venetian domination. Although, according to local legend, the first fortress at this place was built back in 1212 Genoese pirates and called Pescatore, and was used as a constant pirate base. The first written sources that mention the construction of the fortress, belong to 1307 and are the official documents of the Venetian Senate. Later sources mention the badly damaged fortress after the earthquake in 1508. In 1626, under the leadership of General Francesco Morosini had conducted extensive work on the restoration and strengthening of the fortress. The main task of the fortress was to protect the city harbor from Arab pirates, and after - and Turkish invaders.

During its reign, the Turks brought to the construction of many architectural changes, but, nevertheless, left and many Venetian elements. The powerful design of the fortress fully meet their needs in the defense. The building was used until the 19th century.

Today the Venetian fortress is a hallmark of the city of Ierapetra and historical monument that recalls the bygone power of the ancient city and its difficult times. Beautiful architectural monument was restored and opened to the public today. Here you can see well-preserved Venetian design and Turkish additions. Venetian fortress is also used for various cultural activities under the leadership of the municipality of Ierapetra.