In the historical part of Taganrog on the street. Chekhov is one of the oldest memorial museums devoted to the life and work of Anton Chekhov. He is a small one-story house (outhouse), an area of ​​about 30 square meters. meters, built of brick, whitewashed with lime. The house had three small rooms, unheated porch and a small corridor.

The building was built around 1850 and belonged to a merchant from Taganrog Gnutova AD .. A street at various times called the Merchants, the Police, and later - the Alexander. From 1859 until the spring of 1861 there lived the father of Anton Pavlovich - Pavel Egorovich Chekhov and his wife, Eugenia Yakovlevna and his two sons - Alexander and Nicholas 4 and 2 years old, respectively. Here in January 1860 Anton Chekhov was born. It was here, on the shores of the Gulf of Taganrog, Anton spent his childhood, he had his first acquaintance on the streets and behind the counter shop store Chekhov, where the young Antosha do not just have to be in charge in the absence of his father. In his memoirs, Chekhov told that there was tea and coffee, drinks on tap, tobacco and pharmacy, was immediately chaos of goods and people in a small space shop premises.

In 1905, at the initiative of V.Garshina Taganrog Chekhov's circle it was organized, and it was he who was the initiator of opening in 1910, a memorial plaque on the house where the family lived Chekhov. And later, in 1916, again at the initiative of "chehovtsev" city government bought from Mrs. Kovalenkova house in order to maintain intact. Later, it was decided to create a museum, so in 1920, was evicted from the house last tenants, repairs carried out, and in 1924 there was designed and opened the first exhibition, which tells about the life of Anton Chekhov and his stay in Taganrog. The exhibition can be viewed from the family photographs of Chekhov, as a relic preserved merchant father P.E.Chehova documents, household items of the era.

In 2008, on the eve of the 150th anniversary of the birth of the great writer, the museum held a range of restoration works. Today, "Chekhov's house" in Taganrog is part of the state of literary and architectural reserve of Taganrog. The museum belongs to the cultural heritage of federal importance and protected by the state.