Temple of Abu Simbel was entirely carved out of the rock in the XIII century BC to commemorate the victory of the pharaoh Ramses II over the Hittites. On the facade of the church tower of four colossal statues of Ramses II, seated on a throne, supplemented with carved images of captives, symbolizing the union of Egypt.

The temple consists of four rooms with adjacent rooms on the sides. The hypostyle hall near the southern and northern columns are huge statues of the god Osiris with a hooked stick and whip, topped with a crown of Upper Egypt, or the double crown of Upper and Lower Egypt. The reliefs depict the hall of Ramses II, striking the enemies of Egypt and bringing gifts to himself as a deity.

In the latter, the small hall are stone sculptures of the gods Amun, Ra, Ptah and of Ramses II. A unique feature of this temple is that only twice a year - on February 22 and October 22 - the face of the pharaoh is illuminated by the first rays of the rising sun. The rest of the direct sunlight in the last room does not penetrate.