Vileika Church of St. Mary of Egypt was built on the main town square Vileika in 1816.

Beginning of the XIX century was characterized by confrontation between the Catholic and Orthodox Church. The Government of the Russian Empire in every possible way encouraged the construction of Orthodox churches on the territory of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and harassment of Catholics. Therefore Vileika temple of St. Mary of Egypt was built in front of Holy Cross Catholic Church.

Temple style of old Russian style, imitating the style of the XVII century Moscow. This retrospective romantic style characteristic of the Silver Age of Russia. An interesting architectural feature of this church is that its tower is a clock that is not usually done in the Orthodox churches.

Saint Mary of Egypt is considered the patroness of Christian repentant sinners and, in particular, the repentant harlots. This beautiful and perverse woman lived in Egypt in the V century. Once she had nothing to do with the way went to the pilgrims who decided to seduce in a long sea journey. She was very surprised that Christians do not succumb to its spell. Then a woman interested in the temple, where the pilgrims were traveling. No matter how much it may try to enter into it, it did not succeed. It was only when she repented and tearfully renounce her sinful life, she was able to enter the temple. Maria was baptized and retired to the desert beyond the Jordan, in order to live in solitude and prayers of repentance.