The exact date of construction of these unique structures, none of the scientists could not determine, archaeologists tend to the period of 16-12 centuries BC Underground cities of Cappadocia were used for the needs of the army of Alexander the Great, found refuge here from the Hittites Thracian soldiers, Christians by the Roman armies, as well as residents of nearby areas were saved from the invasion of the Arabs.

Cities are built off the ground and under the ground. They number about two hundred and each is distinguished by its uniqueness. Going down into the city, you can use the narrow tunnel. Each entry carefully masked and closed by large boulders.

Underground cities are living quarters under the ground with a lot of rooms, bedrooms, kitchens, food storage, as well as schools, chapels and churches. There are rooms with a number of columns that divide it into several parts. The link to them were long corridors and tunnels. The city has a ground floor, which can be reached by steps that are cut from the rock. Below that there are ventilation shafts that supply air to the city, which border the groundwater from which both drew water from the well.

Cities began to explore in the 30 th, 20 st. They have their names Ozkonak, Mazykuyu, Tatlaryn and others. Now open to tourists only two cities - Derenko and Kaymakli. During the excavation was found a large amount of household use, which belong to different epochs. The scientists showed that the underground cities of Cappadocia could accommodate about 50 thousand people and livestock. Animals were kept in special pens with a trough.