The idea of ​​creation of the Archaeological Museum in the city of Almeria has arisen in the first half of the 19th century. By 1837 of the closest to the city and its surroundings monasteries managed to withdraw 196 paintings and ancient coins and tombstones, jewelry and utensils, dating from the period of Arab rule in Spain. But for a number of unknown causes opening of the museum at that time did not take place. Subsequently, many of these artifacts made the museum collection outside of Almeria and even abroad.

Proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic was the fact that in 1933 in Almeria still opened Archaeological Museum, which is housed in the building of the Research Institute. The initial collection of the Museum archaeological remains found during excavations in Almeria and its surroundings. In 1934, the museum has already started cooperation with other museum collections of the country. In 1979, in connection with the expansion of the museum collection was moved to the building, which houses the College of Saint Mary the Virgin del Mar.

In 1998 by the architects Ignacio García Pedrosa and Angela Garcia de Paredes was built a new building of the museum that meets modern requirements. The interior of the new building, spacious and bright thanks to an elaborate system of natural lighting, a minimalist design, a clear geometric lines and spatial capacity. Collection of the Archaeological Museum of Almeria are exhibits from the Paleolithic period until the Moorish domination of the Iberian Peninsula.