Round Tower - one of the two surviving combat towers, built in the Middle Ages, the Vyborg fortress, which is a stone tower artillery rondelnogo type. The tower was built in 1547-1550 gg. engineer-fortifier Hans Bergen. His name stands first in the list of engineers, architects, builders of Vyborg, which is preserved in history. Bergen was commissioned to design a new building in the place where the entrance gates of the city on the east side. Bergen and supervised the construction.
The city, which has grown to the east of Vyborg Castle in the 1470s. It was surrounded by a stone wall length of about 2 km. The structure of the fortress wall included 10 towers. The need to improve the methods of defense at the direction of Gustav Vasa was decided to erect a squat powerful tower-Rondel (Round Tower), which is submitted for the front 17 m in front of the city wall. This technique was necessary for the conduct of enfilade fire. It was supposed to build two such towers.
Round Tower in the plan is a perfect circle with a diameter of about 21 m. The walls of the tower are made of large boulders at the base and reach a four-meter thickness. Dome roof rests on wooden rafters, with a complex structure.
Construction of the tower was carried out by the neighboring peasants and was completed August 31, 1550. Artillery on the tower placed in three tiers. The top of the tower could also be used as an outdoor stage. His first baptism of fire round tower was in 1556 during the siege of Vyborg troops of Ivan the Terrible.
Round towers and a rectangular tower underpasses put together a gallery that consisted of two walls forming a corridor in the north wall which were constructed entrance gate. The two towers connected by a gallery, is a type of medieval fortified gating device called Barbican. Barbican improved defenses south-east wall of Stone Town from the left flank.
All structures of the Barbican, in addition to the Round Tower in the middle of the 18th century. It was dismantled.
Studies in the 1970s. Archaeological excavations have confirmed the fact that the round tower was located in 17 meters from the underpasses. The simultaneous construction of underpasses and Round Tower testified that the masonry walls of the Round Tower from the city, was "related" to the walls of the gallery. Also, the pit was opened, which houses the mechanism of the drawbridge.
On the right flank of Stone Town Gustav Vasa also wanted to build a Barbican and strengthen their monastic tower. But the plan did not materialize.
In 1564, when the decree of King Erik XIV began building a fortress bastion, which was called Horned, the Round Tower has entered a new defensive system of the city.
In 1609 the Round Tower between the Tsar Vasily Shuisky and King Charles IX was signed "Vyborg treatise" for military assistance. Once in 1710 Vyborg was taken by the Russian army, it was in the rear of the tower defense and eventually lost its military significance.
In 1861, the new development plan bastions and ramparts were razed, and the tower was used as a hardware store and a pharmacy, an arsenal and even a prison. Repeatedly offered to demolish the tower, but in 1922 at the initiative of the chief architect Uno Ullberg city located in the tower of an exotic restaurant, a conference room and technical club, a library and other facilities for public use. In the design of interior decoration of the Round Tower were used motives of art of the Renaissance. The subjects of painting walls, ceilings and carved wooden panels were reflected events in the history of the medieval Vyborg. The room was arranged Gustav Vasa Museum Area, which were exhibits objects found during the investigation of the tower.
During the Great Patriotic War, the Finns here had organized a field kitchen to rebuild the city after the bombing. In the postwar years, the tower was located pharmaceutical warehouse.
In 1972, it developed the project of reconstruction of the tower. The author of the project of reconstruction - Vyborg artist and architect V. Dmitriev. In 1975 the Round Tower was held restoration. It worked a team of artists who participated in the restoration of many monuments of Leningrad and its suburbs. Now the Round Tower is the eponymous restaurant.
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