At the beginning of the XVIII century Astrakhan again became referred immediately after the cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg as the third city where a church was built for Catholics. Written evidence of the year the base of the temple there, we only know that the Capuchin monks in 1716 purchased a house in Astrakhan to expand the Latin school in the same building made a chapel. A fire in 1718 burned down the house in its place two years later built a new stone chapel and placed there, Latin school and the church library. This Greek-Latin School is famous for her stay in the future of the famous Russian scientist and poet VK Trediakovsky, as well as a visit of Tsar Peter I during his visit to Astrakhan.

In 1762, construction began on the new church of the Assumption. Seven years were completed major construction work and finishing work continued almost until the end of 1779. The church was consecrated by Pope Pius II resolution in 1778.

In 1919, the church was nationalized and closed. During the years of Soviet power the interior has worn, damaged, and constructions. Temple returned to the Catholics only in the 90s of the last century. Since 2008, the church of the Assumption under active restoration works.

The temple is a unique architectural structure of religious purpose, its architecture is organically combines traditional Russian-church features a baroque and classicism. Many unique carved wood sculptures by Italian masters have not reached our time, but, fortunately, survived a magnificent old organ, which was repaired in preparation for the celebration of the 450th anniversary of Astrakhan. Officially, the temple belongs to Astrakhan dean of the Diocese of St. Clement in the center of Saratov.

Church acts, in addition, there are regularly held organ concerts.