Mogilev Regional Museum named. ER Romanov - the oldest museum of Mogilev. It was opened in November 15, 1867 at the initiative of the provincial statistical committee. It was called simply - Mogilev Museum. In 1918, the museum has teamed up with the church and the archaeological museum.

In 1929, the museum changed its name to the Mogilev State Museum. He had two branches: the Museum of History and atheism and Memorial Museum.

By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War Museum unique collection of rare antiques. In 1929 the museum had also transferred some vintage items from antique Fund of the USSR. During the Great Patriotic War Museum and its branches have been burned, so as not to leave their occupiers, as museum value could not take time. Gathering new collection began only after 1949. His exhibits from Mogilev museum shared museums of Moscow and Leningrad.

The museum is housed in the former building of the District Court, where he moved in 1961. Now the museum has more than 300 thousand exhibits, divided into four sections: "The nature of the", "archeology and ancient history", "History of the pre-Soviet time", "the Soviet period." In 2005 the museum was named after the first organizer of the Church and the Archaeological Museum of Mogilev ER Romanov.

Besides permanent exhibitions in the museum are interesting exhibitions of archaeological collections from different countries, weapons, armor, military uniforms, rare ancient books and manuscripts, icons, national arts and crafts.