Very small in size Museum of St. Anthony is located on the square of St. Anthony, a few steps from the Cathedral of Lisbon. Near the museum is the church of St. Anthony. This saint is very revered in Lisbon, and is considered the patron saint of the city.

There is a legend that in place of the Church of St. Anthony stood before the house where in 1195 was born the saint, known as Anthony of Lisbon or Anthony of Padua (he is buried in the Italian city of Padua). Church of St. Anthony was built in the XVIII century on the site of the old church, which was destroyed during an earthquake in 1755. There is an assumption that the restoration of the temple was made possible by donations from the townspeople who gathered the children in memory of Saint Anthony, the patron saint of children. This gave rise to the popular tradition of collecting "donations to St. Anthony."

The Museum of St. Anthony has been opened in 80-ies. The museum contains the book, a collection of icons, engravings, sculptures, paintings, ceramics, clothing and other decorations, vessels for the liturgy, as well as other items that are somehow connected with the life of the saint. Among the exhibits there is a famous polychrome ceramic panel of the XVII century "St. Anthony preaches fish", showing one of the major episodes of the saint's life.

Every year in June, the inhabitants of Lisbon celebrates the day of St. Anthony. The streets are held celebrations, fireworks and processions are held.